Category: Biology

What benefits have we gained from gene therapy? What are the downfalls of the smallpox vaccine? How can DNA profiling be used in positive and negative ways?

Global Warming Research Paper

If your topic is relatively new, or something that is still being developed, you may want to include where
the future is heading. Gene therapy isn’t commonly used now; why not? What needs to be perfected?
How will that be done?

Discuss the good and bad side of your topic (every topic has both!). What benefits have we
gained from gene therapy? What are the downfalls of the smallpox vaccine? How can DNA profiling be
used in positive and negative ways? Why did/are some people “all for” this topic? Why are some
people dead set against it?

 Discuss your institute/area of research preferences and personal goals.How your participation in the program fits into your future educational.

SIMR Program

1: Summarize the reasons that you are applying for the SIMR Program.

2: How your participation in the program fits into your future educational.

3: Your career objectives.

4: Why you feel you are a good candidate for the program. career objectives.

5: Discuss your institute/area of research preferences and personal goals.

 Explain why bacteria that can make endospores have an advantage over those that can’t.What differences did you see between the number AND location of endospores in the older culture of Bacillus compared to a new culture? Why was there a difference?

Post lab questions

Explain why a simple stain colorizes the cells while a negative stain does not.

Sometimes you can stain with both a simple stain and a negative stain at the same time. If
stained a smear of Bacillus subtilis with both safranin (pink) AND nigrosin (dark purple/black
negative stain) what would expect to see on the slide? Draw me a picture. Be sure to address the
shape of the bacteria in your drawing.

How about a smear of Streptococcus pyogenes with crystal violet (purple)? Draw a picture. Be
sure to address the shape and arrangement of the bacteria in your drawing (we didn’t look at this
one, you can tell the shape and arrangement from the name).

How about a smear of Staphylococcus aureus with Congo red? Draw a picture. Be sure to address
the shape and arrangement of the bacteria in your drawing.

Refer back to the picture you drew in your data section of the cells you see in the preparation of
your gumline slide.

There are some eukaryotic cells. How do you know that these are eukaryotic cells and not
prokaryotic? List at least two reasons.

Explain why eukaryotic cells are not considered gram-positive or gram-negative cells.

While they might not be gram positive or negative, do the eukaryotic cells stain like a gram-
positive cell or a gram-negative cell? Does your result on your gram stain make sense based
on what you know about the gram stain procedure and the difference between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells?

Both acid fast and non-acid fast cells are stained by carbolfuchsin. How is it, then, that we can
use it as a differential stain?

Explain how an acid-fast cell wall is different than a gram negative or gram-positive cell wall.
Remember that a capsule is a form of glycocalyx. What are the two reasons that a capsule is
considered a virulence factor?

Explain why bacteria that can make endospores have an advantage over those that can’t.

What differences did you see between the number AND location of endospores in the older
culture of Bacillus compared to a new culture? Why was there a difference?

When completed correctly, does a negative result for the endospore stain prove conclusively that
the organism doesn’t make endospores? Why or why not? When completed correctly, does a
positive result prove conclusively that the organism makes endospores? Why or why not?

What treatments were suggested by the nurses and physicians when the symptoms first appeared?What is a hernia and why would this have been the source of Kayla’s medical problems?

Case of the crying baby

Questions

What symptoms has Kayla exhibited over the first months of her life?

What treatments were suggested by the nurses and physicians when the symptoms first appeared?

What is a hernia and why would this have been the source of Kayla’s medical problems?

What was Sara feeling “victimized” by the ordeal?

Three medical procedures are mentioned in this section (numbered above.) Explain the purpose of each of the procedures.

The pediatrician suggested that Dr. Wright and Dr. Leftt would have differing viewpoints on how to treat Kayla.  How will their opinions differ based on Dr. Hubble’s warning here?

This section has no vocabulary words identified.  Find 2 terms you think some people might have trouble with and highlight or underline them.   Annotate a short definition or description for the words.

Describe the surgery that would be used to treat Kayla’s condition. What are the risks of the surgery?

On treatment suggested long-term prophylactic use of antibiotics.  What does this mean?

 

Which of these are mitochondria and which is chloroplast?In your opinion, why was the organelle not destroyed and underwent endosymbiosis for the evolution of eukaryotes?

BIO WK3

This is the evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. Watch this video to learn more https://youtu.be/4LhBZ2H5SwM

In the table below, two eukaryotic organelles are shown – Organelle A and Organelle B.

Both organelles belong to a eukaryote. Do one or both organelles (A and B) have more similarities with eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Provide at least two reasons to support that.

Which of these are mitochondria and which is chloroplast? Provide evidence to support that.

As you know if bacteria enter the human body or for that matter any organism, it is destroyed. In your opinion, why was the organelle not destroyed and underwent endosymbiosis for the evolution of eukaryotes?

 Explain the role of ADH in the process of osmoregulation.Describe the process involved in the formation of urine in the kidney.

Human anatomy and physiology

Analyse the gross anatomy of the digestive system.

Define, explain and differentiate the overall function of each region.

Analyse the different types of enzymes found in the digestive system.

Investigate and analyse on example of enzyme action experimentally.

Contrast and explain the main regions of the male and female reproductive system.

Analyse the function of each region.

Describe the process involved in the formation of urine in the kidney.

Explain the role of ADH in the process of osmoregulation.

What are at least two suspected reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, besides humans?Some of the first vaccines developed for COVID-19 were RNA vaccines. After the administration of the vaccine, how does this result in an immune response if exposed to the actual virus?

COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2.

1.Early in the pandemic, researchers suspected that COVID-19 was caused by a virus. What are some ways that they could confirm that a virus, and not bacteria, was responsible for this disease?

2.What type of microscopy would be needed to view SARS-CoV-2? Why? What cell type or organelle would be of an equivalent size to this virus?

3.Based on the Baltimore classification of viruses, which groups would SARS-CoV-2 fall within? What type of genetic material does it contain? Are there any related viruses that cause disease in humans?

SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Genetics

4.Based on your response to question three, draw the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2.

5.How could SARS-CoV-2 be cultivated? What biological materials would be needed?

6.If viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are unable to metabolize organic molecules, where do they get the energy to undergo replication?

7.As discussed above, SARS-CoV-2 has an RNA genome. Discuss three differences between RNA and DNA.

8.During the course of the pandemic, several variants of the original SARS-CoV-2 virus have become dominant strains circulating through human populations. Discuss the steps that are involved with the formation of a variant and its increase in prevalence.

COVID-19 Treatments

9.One of the few drugs that have been found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 is remdesivir. How does this drug inhibit viral replication?

10.Predict which physical or chemical methods of control would be effective against viruses like SARS-CoV-2. List two physical or chemical methods and their mechanism of action.

11.What are at least two suspected reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, besides humans?

12.How can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted? For each of the possible transmission mechanisms, discuss whether or not this is a potential source of transmission.

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Vehicle
Vector

13.Why is quarantine an important tool used by public health to reduce the spread of COVID-19?

14.How can herd immunity prevent the spread of viruses within a human population?

15.Some of the first vaccines developed for COVID-19 were RNA vaccines. After the administration of the vaccine, how does this result in an immune response if exposed to the actual virus?

Resources Provided:
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019