Category: Biology

Can Plastic make you fat?How can effects of BPA increased risk of metabolic disorder by changing the endocrine metabolic pathways in adipose tissue, thus causing obesity via BPA from our foods and water sources.

Can Plastic make you fat?How can effects of BPA increased risk of metabolic disorder by changing the endocrine metabolic pathways in adipose tissue, thus causing obesity via BPA from our foods and water sources.

Explain the main reason(s) why these are the three factors that you feel need to be considered.

N/A

Part 1: Hypothesis/Answer (~150 characters)

List the three ‘factors’ you think need to be considered in the analysis based on the initial set of data in order to improve this organization’s ability to study how pollution influences the development of allergic diseases, such as asthma.

Part 2: Main Reason(s) (~450 characters)

Explain the main reason(s) why these are the three factors that you feel need to be considered. You can simply list a main reason for each factor, or if 2-3 of the factors connect with a common theme, you can also address it this way. Think very deeply about these factors to ensure they are unique to you in some way.

Part 3: Supporting Arguments(~550 characters)

Explain the main reason(s) why these are the three factors that you feel need to be considered. You can simply list a main reason for each factor, or if 2-3 of the factors connect with a common theme, you can also address it this way. Think very deeply about these factors to ensure they are unique to you in

Part 5: So What? (~350 characters)

Relate it back to the overarching purpose/goal of this study (in your opinion) and why looking at these factors will not only support this, but also help guide the future of this research in the right direction.

How many of these genes were essential for E. coli to survive and function? How many of them have unknown functions?What is synthetic biology? What is the source of synthesized DNA?

Microbial Case Study
Review the Naurú Idalia and Bernardo article in the Study Materials and respond to the following questions regarding E. coli. All sources must be cited in APA Style.

Your response should total at least 500 words in length.

1. Discuss one important discovery that has involved the use of E. coli.

2. Discuss two reasons why E. coli is so commonly used in biomedical research.

3. Table 1 lists several databases involving E. coli. Choose one, visit the site, and report what you have found.

4. Define a bacterial plasmid. How is this different from the chromosomal DNA?

5. One example of genomic studies to E. coli is the Keio collection, which has mutated all E. coli genes. This study found that 4288 could be deleted without killing the bacteria. How many of these genes were essential for E. coli to survive and function? How many of them have unknown functions?

6.Describe an example of how E. coli could be used as a biosensor. Discuss what the molecule would be that the E. coli is sensing and how the bacteria would respond after binding to the molecule.

7. What is synthetic biology? What is the source of synthesized DNA?

8. How has the use of synthetically modified E. coli been beneficial to the perfume industry?

What prediction did the model make about the biological system and how could this be tested experimentally?Describe the work in Coopey 2008 and discuss the implications of this study on work in Coopey 2007.

Consider Coopey et al’s 2007[1] & 2008[2] papers. Write a series of paragraphs addressing the following points:

1) What is the question being addressed by the modellers in Coopey 2007 & what is their hypothesis?

2) How do the equations in the paper enable the group to address their question? Give a general description of the model. Then describe the meaning of each term in equations (1) and (2).

3) Why are there two phases in the model? Describe the biological motivation for the phases and explain how they are realised in the model.

4) Why were partial differential equations chosen instead of Boolean networks?

5) What prediction did the model make about the biological system and how could this be tested experimentally?

6) Describe the work in Coopey 2008 and discuss the implications of this study on work in Coopey 2007.

 

What was the phosphorylation status of the CTD of Pol II molecules found by the authors to be associated with promoter-proximal pausing, splicing sites and the TES?How, in your opinion, can differential phosphorylation of the CTD dictate and control the different co-transcriptional activities of transcriptional termination and splicing that take place across the gene? (30%)

Reference to the research article

With reference to the research article from Nojima et al., Cell 2015 [1], discuss the relevant data and write a series of paragraphs addressing the following points:

Briefly describe the mNET-seq technique and explain two advantages and two disadvantages compared to

RNA Pol II ChIP-seq method and ii) PRO-seq assays. (30%)

Describe where and how the termination of Polymerase II takes place across the genome at the molecular level. Explain the biological significance of the regulation of transcription termination in regard to gene expression. (40%)

With reference to the paper, explain how Polymerase pausing proximally to promoters and at the transcription termination site (TES) are linked to mechanisms of transcription termination.

What was the phosphorylation status of the CTD of Pol II molecules found by the authors to be associated with promoter-proximal pausing, splicing sites and the TES?

How, in your opinion, can differential phosphorylation of the CTD dictate and control the different co-transcriptional activities of transcriptional termination and splicing that take place across the gene? (30%)

 

Briefly describe how siRNA can reduce UCHL1 expression and suggest two alternative approaches the authors could have used, outlining how they work, their benefits and their limitations.What are the physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of this study?

Structured evaluative piece of writing based on a research paper.

Full paper:

Questions to be answered;

1. Briefly summarise the main findings described in this paper
(Indicative length approx. 150 words)

2. In Figure 1C the authors use siRNA to reduce UCHL1 levels in cells. Briefly describe how
siRNA can reduce UCHL1 expression and suggest two alternative approaches the authors could
have used, outlining how they work, their benefits and their limitations.
(Indicative length approx. 250 words)

3. Pick the figure (relates to an entire figure (e.g Fig 1 or Fig 2 etc) and not the individual panels (e.g 1A, 1B or 1C etc)) that you think is the most important. Describe the results, the experimental
approach(es) used and why you think that it is the key figure in the paper.
(Indicative length approx. 300 words).

4. Draw and briefly discuss the signalling pathway delineated in this study and how this adds to
what was previously known about HIF regulation.
(Indicative length: Figure plus approx. 300 words)

5. What are the physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of this study?
(Indicative length approx. 300 words)

 

Explain intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures and theirimportance on breathing.Explain how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood and the Haldane effect.

Biology

Answer the following short answer questions.

A personal example or an application is included, which effectively helps to strengthen the topic’s points.5 points:

An appropriate diagram/graph is included to enhance the topic’spoints. The diagram/graph could be student-created or an image from theInternet ( include the URL).5 points:

Explain intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures and theirimportance on breathing.

Explain the function of pulmonary surfactant.

Explain external and internal respiration

Explain the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

Explain how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood and the Haldane effect.

Explain chemoreceptors and the control of respiration