Category: Chemistry

Provide the name of an organic compound that may be used in everyday life (e.g. medications, fuels, vitamins, illegal drugs, etc.).

Module 4 Discussion

Provide the name of an organic compound that may be used in everyday life (e.g. medications, fuels, vitamins, illegal drugs, etc.). Indicate the purpose/use of the compound and identify a minimum of three functional groups present in the molecule. At least one functional group should be identified from each of the following categories:

hydrocarbons: alkene, alkyne, aromatic
carbon-heteroatom (single bond): alcohol, phenol, thiol, ether, amine
carbonyl groups: aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amide

 

Identify the allowed concentrations of pollutants in drinking water.Describe the technology involved in purifying drinking water and treating wastewater.

Write a research report in about 500 words, in which you will:

Explain the origins of pollutants in natural water.

Identify the allowed concentrations of pollutants in drinking water.

Explain the origins and consequences of water hardness.

Outline methods for softening hard water.

Describe the technology involved in purifying drinking water and treating wastewater.

 What are the oxidizing agent, reducing agents and electron transfer in some of the more common everyday redox reactions (eg. Cellular respiration, photosynthesis, corrosion)?What are the half-reaction equations that occur at each electrode in a given electrochemical cell?

Chemistry Final Assignment

How can you differentiate between redox reactions and other reactions, using either half-reactions and/or
oxidation numbers?

What are the relative strengths of various oxidizing and reducing agents and how do they compare?

Based on standard reduction potentials, predict the spontaneity of a redox reaction.

What are the oxidizing agent, reducing agents and electron transfer in some of the more common everyday redox
reactions (eg. Cellular respiration, photosynthesis, corrosion)?

How do voltaic and electrolytic cells compare?

What are the half-reaction equations that occur at each electrode in a given electrochemical cell?

How are the standard cell potentials for electrochemical cells calculated?

Using standard cell potential and the relative positions of half-reaction equations on a standard reduction potential
table, is the redox reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous?

Using Faraday’s law and stoichiometry, what is the mass, amount, current and/or time in a single voltaic and
electrolytic cell?
Part C – Chemical changes in organic compounds

Using the IUPAC rules, how do you name saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic carbon compounds?

What is a structural isomer?

Using the IUPAC rules, what are the correct formulas for both saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic
carbon compounds?

How do the properties of structural isomers differ?

How do the boiling points and how does the solubility compare between various organic compounds (including
aliphatics, aromatics, alcohols and carboxylic acids)?

What are some important organic compounds used in our daily lives?

What is a simple addition reaction?

What is a substitution reaction?

What is an elimination reaction?

What is an esterification reaction?

Part D – Chemical Equilibrium in Acid-Base Systems

What is the criteria needed for a chemical system to be in equilibrium?

What is Le Chatelier’s principle?

How do you predict the extent of a chemical reaction and write corresponding equilibrium-law expressions?

Explain the issues brought up by the CEN article.Compare them to other classes of disinfectants (acids/alkalis, alcohols, aldehydes, etc.)

Article Review of “Do we know enough about the safety of quat disinfectants?”

Read the article linked from Chemical and Engineering News (CEN) https://cen.acs.org/safety/consumer-safety/know-enough-safety-quat-disinfectants/98/i30

Write a review on this article. In your review, you should provide some background materials:

Define what “quats” are

Identify commonly used quats

Compare them to other classes of disinfectants (acids/alkalis, alcohols, aldehydes, etc.)

Explain the issues brought up by the CEN article.

Identify the relevant peaks for each of the FTIR spectra and record the position and associated functional group for each in the FTIR tables.

Lab 3 Interpreting FTIR & MS Spectra

1. Write the IUPAC names and draw structures of the ten compounds you selected:
1. _________________
2.__________________
3.__________________
4.__________________
Etc.

2. To obtain the FTIR & MS spectra of these compounds, start Virtual ChemLab and select interpreting
IR then MS Spectra from the list of assignments on the whiteboard or click on the Qualitative Analysis
bench and click on the Spectra button on the chalkboard. You should see a list of all the compounds in the
spectra library in alphabetical order by IUPAC name. Mousing over a name in the list will show the
structure on the chalkboard. The four buttons on side of the list are used to select the different
spectroscopic techniques for the selected compound. Make sure the FTIR or MS button has been selected.

3. Using the Up or Down arrows on the Scroll Bar or dragging the Scroll Bar, find the names for the ten
compounds you have selected and click on the name to display the FTIR or MS spectrum for each.
Identify the relevant peaks for each of the FTIR spectra and record the position and associated functional
group for each in the FTIR tables.

List position (cm-1) & functional group 6.
1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5. etc.
Interpreting FTIR & MS Spectra
Table 1A. MS of (name of Compound)
m/z Peak value & fragmentation group 6.
1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5. etc.
4. Select two of the compounds from your list and write one discussion section for these two compounds.

This means putting the result into words; discuss all the values form your tables in words and numbers.

5. Convert the discussion into a conclusion. This means only highlighting certain key spectral data that
identifies the two compounds you selected in words and values.

 Is omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or statins an effective treatment in reducing cholesterol level and preventing cardiovascular disease? Give your reasons with references. use references and write in your own words.

Answer topic question and summarise research article given in the document

Question: Is tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) useful in managing patient with Phenylketonuria?/ PKU?

(Use references in havard style and own words, explain what PKU condition is, talk about phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and BH4 in PKU. Remember not all patients are responsive to BH4 treatment.)

Summarise the paper below and explain why you chose the article/paper and also whether you consider the data in those paper represents a small or a significant advance in your opinion. Look at the example document provided.

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/81/2/470/2649344

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096719219303634?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911353/

Learning Topic 2 : Liver in Health and Disease

Key Question: Explain the mechanism of NAFLD and NASH (mention second hit theory/oxygen species/inflammatory cytokines). Is NASH more life threatening than NAFLD based on its association with Cirrhosis? Please use references and use your own words. Do not copy references or words from the example.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5339475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943559/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098369/

Learning topic 3: Lipids and Lipoprotein Metabolism

Question:  Is omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or statins an effective treatment in reducing cholesterol level and preventing cardiovascular disease? Give your reasons with references. use references and write in your own words.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joim.13016
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08887.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389556/

Discuss all spectral data. What could have been done to improve the experiment? What did you learn?

Lab 2 TLC

Were the goals of the experiment achieved? If not – what might have
happened that caused the unexpected outcome (error, technique, laziness, etc.).

Discuss all spectral data. What could have been done to improve the experiment? What did you
learn?

Is there any difference between the mean BMI of males and females?  Is there any correlation (positive or negative) between BMI and age?Are there any differences in the percentage of males and the percentage of females in each of the four BMI categories?

BODY MASS INDEX RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Is there any difference between the mean BMI of males and females?  Is there any correlation (positive or negative) between BMI and age?
For males, is there any correlation between BMI and age? For females, is there any correlation between BMI and age?

Are there any differences in the percentage of males and the percentage of females in each of the four BMI
categories?
Compare your answer to the conclusion for Question 1 and comment if they
match or if they contradict each other. Is there any correlation between height and weight?
For males, is there a correlation between height and weight?
For females, is there a correlation between height and weight?

What is the limiting reagent in this reaction?Draw the conjugate base of Meldrum’s Acid and use inductive and resonance arguments to explain why it might be such a strong acid.

Post lab rep 5A

1. Meldrum’s Acid has a pKa of 4.97. Draw the conjugate base of Meldrum’s Acid and use inductive and resonance arguments to explain why it might be such a strong acid. Hint: draw resonance structures and evaluate their quality!

2. What is the limiting reagent in this reaction?

3 Predict the proton NMR spectru
hydrogen “kith of compound 3 by labeling each inequivalent
ith a letter and creating a table with each inequivalent hydro en in a
separate row in the below table.