Category: Criminal justice

How are these strategies implemented and what specific facet of information technology do they target?

 

This written assignment requirement is for an examination of the topic below, submitted in APA format.

It is expected that, based on the nature of this topic, that a concise yet thorough analysis will take between 8-10 pages of text, in addition to your cover page, abstract, and reference page.

A total of two (2) external scholarly sources, aside from your required readings, must be cited in support of your position.

An increasing number of terrorist groups are relying on information technology to support their organizational structures. It is also being used for organizational networking, offensive warfare, and defensive strategies.

Discuss the use of information technology by Middle Eastern terrorist groups and how “Netwar” has become an emerging mode of conflict and crime.

What is “techno terrorism” and to what extent has it been adopted by terrorist organizations?

Discuss at least two strategies that target terrorists in the information age.

How are these strategies implemented and what specific facet of information technology do they target?

If successful, what consequences do/should they have on the war against terrorism?

What role does cybersecurity play in the terrorism realm?

Critically examine the postings of your peers and provide a brief overview of what role religion plays in extremism and terrorism and provide at least one example of each.

What is the difference between extremism and terrorism?

Although it’s commonly associated with religion, extreme ideology is also present in other forms of belief.Terrorism is a type of violent action that involves the intentional targeting of non-combatants. It can also be done in a bifocal manner, where the attack is carried out on one group and not on another.There is not much overlap between the two. When you look at the ideology and psychology of the terrorists, it is clear that they have a lot in common. In terms of the motives of the attackers, they tend to have a lot in common.

What are the causes and motives of terrorism?

Political – Terrorism is a type of organized political violence that originated from groups or individuals who are trying to create instability or gain political advantage. During the Northern Ireland Troubles, which lasted from 1968 to 1998, some of the most violent acts were carried out by Protestant groups.Religious – In the 1990s, various religious groups and individuals carried out terrorist attacks. These include the doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo, which carried out the sarin gas attacks in Tokyo in 1994. There was a growing awareness that a new form of terrorism had emerged. Experts argued that this new type of terrorism was based on the concepts of martyrdom and Armageddon, and that groups would exploit these texts to support their cause.Socioeconomic – The concept of social deprivation seems to explain the link between terrorism and various forms of deprivation.There is also evidence suggesting that the lack of political freedom and education is linked to the recruitment of terrorist fighters.Comparisons of different findings are often confusing, especially when they don’t take into account the context of how people feel about their lives.

https://davestuartjr.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/AoW-Terrorism_-Causes.pdf
https://www.aucegypt.edu/news/stories/terrorism-vs-extremism-are-they-linked

Based on the peer’s post above answer the following question.

In your reply post:

Critically examine the postings of your peers and provide a brief overview of what role religion plays in extremism and terrorism and provide at least one example of each.

Remember when typing this response to this post to write it as a response to a discussion post.

Write the citation and annotation When writing your annotation, the complete citation should always come first, and the annotation follows.

 Racism:

You need to write a paragraph describing each of the 50 sources you use for your paper topic. The topic for this Annotated Bibliography is Racism (REQUIRED TO HAVE 50 SOURCES!)

The student will select a subject for the Annotated bibliography that should be relevant to this course “Deviant Behavior”. Topic has to be focused on some type of social deviance

This has to be a descriptive/ informative annotated bibliography based on a topic of your choice ( regarding a type of social deviance )

• Step 1:

Choose your sources Before writing your annotated bibliography, you must choose at least 50 sources. This involves doing research much like for any other project. Locate records to materials that may apply to your topic.

• Review the items Then review the actual items and choose those that provide a wide variety of perspectives on your topic. Article abstracts are helpful in this process.

• Write the citation and annotation When writing your annotation, the complete citation should always come first, and the annotation follows.

[You will want to include at least the following]

•
1. The purpose of the work

2. A summary of its content

3. Its relevance to the topic

Annotated bibliographies may be arranged alphabetically or chronologically,

Guidelines for formatting the citations

Format style and citations should follow American Psychological Association (APA) formatting instructions.

Describe the main components of your strategy and back those recommendations up with sound logic and/or evidence of effectiveness?

Reflection

In 2020, drug overdoses reached a new peak in the United States.

Let’s assume you were appointed to draft a series of recommendations for the next 3-5 years in the effort to stem the tide against the opioid epidemic.

What would be your main recommendations for the next few years?

Describe the main components of your strategy and back those recommendations up with sound logic and/or evidence of effectiveness?

Describe several of the negative unintended consequences that are commonly associated with drug policies.

Efforts to reduce drug problems come from many directions

Describe several of the negative unintended consequences that are commonly associated with drug policies.

Explain which policies cause which unintended consequences.

If possible, include unintended consequences that may arise across multiple policies.

Explain in what ways the Court's decision has had an impact on the judicial system. Why did you choose these cases – why are they significant?

Judicial Process U.S. Supreme Court Highlights

Research, prepare and record a 3 to 5-minute video presentation of yourself sharing the following information about the cases you choose: ( just do the presentation part)

1.Why did you choose these cases – why are they significant?

2.Present the basic facts and explain the Supreme Court’s holding (what was the outcome)?

3.Explain the new legal rule/standard for future cases?

4.

Table of Cases:

Stack v. Boyle

United States v. Salerno

Coleman v. Alabama

Barker v. Wingo

Mapp v. Ohio

Terry v. Ohio

Coolidge v. New Hampshire

Miranda v. Arizona

Orozco v. Texas

New York v. Quarles

Duncan v. Louisiana

Batson v. Kentucky

Sheppard v. Maxwell

Gregg v. Georgia

Payne v. Tennessee

What distinguishes a hate crime from, say, a merely malicious or hateful act? Was your case an example of a symbolic or actuarial bias offense?

Conceptualization of What Constitutes a Hate Crime
The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with an opportunity to think about hate crimes by trying to conceptualize what is meant by the term and whether or not definitions of hate crime should or should not include select provisions (e.g., race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, celebrity, political affiliation, etc.).

Requirements:
Find a recent hate crime case (from January 2015 until the present) in a reputable newspaper (New York Times, LA Times, Chicago Tribune, etc.) and link the article in the Works Cited of your paper. This case must be from the United States and must have ended: plea bargain, guilty verdict, found innocent, etc. No papers about cases without verdict, for example: Charlottesville.

Using the case you’ve found, consider the ideas and examples presented in class. Having considered this material (lecture and readings), summarize the case (max. 1-page summary) and then answer the following types of questions in an essay format:
1.What constitutes a hate crime?
2.Why is the case you find not simply a “parallel” crime?
3.How do we know a hate crime when we see one?
4.What evidence was present in your case?
5.What distinguishes a hate crime from, say, a merely Malicious or hateful act?
6.Was your case an example of a symbolic or actuarial bias offense?
7.How does the law handle the issue of “motivation” or “intention” in respect to your case?
8.Do you believe the outcome of the case was fair? Why or why not? Use evidence.

What was the significance of the Statute of Winchester, enacted in 1285?.Why is Sir Robert Peel an important person in our study of community policing?

Evolution of Canadian Policing

.• The role of the police in Canadian history differs from that of the United States, where police were often brought in to re-establish order.• Before Confederation in 1867, each region of the country had its own policing arrange-ments, depending on the size of the settlements, the characteristics of the population, and the specific needs of communities.• The mandate of early municipal police forces covered three main tasks:(1) policing con-flicts between labourers and business owners; (2) maintaining moral standards by enforcing laws against drunkenness,prostitution, and gambling, and(3) apprehending criminals.• The provincial police forces created in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba expe-rienced a number of difficulties. By the late 1920s these provincial forces had been replaced by the RCMP. In BC, the provincial police were replaced by the RCMP in 1950.• The RCMP, originally known as the North-West Mounted Police, was created in 1873 primarily to maintain law and order and ensure the orderly settlement of the previ-ously unpoliced and sparsely settled northwest territory.• The early 1900s to 1970 was the “professional era of policing,” during which efforts were made to increase the control and efficiency of the police.• Women have always been involved in policing, but it was not until 1974 that they began serving as front-line operational officers in Canada.• History plays a role in how communities see themselves and how they interact with the police.Self-EvaluationQuestions

1.Why is Sir Robert Peel an important person in our study of community policing?

2.In what way does the hue and cry illustrate the involvement of the community in main-taining order?

3.In what way could the frankpledge system be called the first type of community policing?

4.What was the significance of the Statute of Winchester, enacted in 1285?

5.Why is the Justice of the Peace Act (1321) important in our study of the history of policing?

6.The mandate of early municipal police forces covered three main tasks. Has this changed over the years?
7.What was the significance of the Metropolitan Police Act (1829)?

8.Define and discuss policing by consent and the legitimacy of the police in Canada.

9.What were the initial objectives of the NWMP when it was formed?

10.List some of the characteristics of the professional era of policing.

11.Discuss the three Technological innovations that have radically altered the delivery of policing services in recent times.

12.State some of the historic moments of women in policing that have occurred in Toronto since 1959.Key ideas1.Who was Sir Robert Peel?a.The first Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police.b.The Chief Constable of the first municipal police force established in Canada.c.The chief of the first organized police force in London, England.d.The first provincial police commissioner in Canada.

2.According to the historical record, where and when were the first police constables in Canada appointed?a.Quebec City in the early 1600s.b.Halifax in the early 1700s.c.Upper Canada in the early 1700s.d.The current province of British Columbia in the 1800s.

3.Early Canadians were hesitant to create police forces that had authority and power over the population. What was the result?a.Police services were developed in a uniform manner with minimal duties.b.Strong support existed for the development of localized municipal police forces.c.Law enforcement functions were performed informally by community residents. d.The NWMP was created as a national police force to facilitate peaceful settlement.

4.In 1829 a full-time, unarmed police force of 1000 men was established in London. What were these new officers popularly known as?a.Cops or coppers.b.Officers or NCOs.c.Bobbies or peelers.d.Detectives or investigators.

5.In the history of policing in France, how were the police considered in general?a.As supportive and respectful of human rights.b.As spies for the king.c.As focused on citizen safety.d.As politically neutral.

6.Which police force was the model for the RCMP (originally known as the North-West Mounted Police)?a.Victoria Police Departmentb.Royal Irish Constabularyc.London Metropolitan Policed.New York City Police Department

7.Why did the Alberta government dissolve the Alberta Provincial Police?a.A lack of suitable applicants in the province.b.Corruption and scandals within the police department.c.The economics of the Depression.

Explain how motivations, deviance, and abnormal behaviors from the criminal’s past may have led to, or been a warning sign of, the criminal actions they eventually engaged in.

Infamous criminal offenders

Write a 500-750-word essay in which you select an individual from the list of infamous criminal offenders (in the Topic 7 documents), and then choose a theory discussed in this course that best explains their offending.

Research information about their upbringing, education, family life, or other Biological or lifestyle characteristics and construct an argument as to why your selected theory best explains the crimes this individual committed. Provide specific examples.

Also, explain how motivations, deviance, and Abnormal behaviors from the criminal’s past may have led to, or been a warning sign of, the criminal actions they eventually engaged in.

THE LIST OF CRIMINALS TO USE ONLY
 Use the following list as a resource for the Topic 7 assignment.

1.Aileen Wuornos
2.Al Capone
3.Charles Manson
4.Jeffrey Dahmer
5.Omar Mateen
6.John Dillinger
7.Adam Lanza
8.John Wayne Gacy
9.Andrea Yates
10.Ted Bundy
11.Dennis Rader
12.Thomas Sweatt

What is the benefit of this initiative to achieve a reduction in opioid overdoses (the objective of the policy)? What challenges do you foresee in achieving this initiative?

Drug control policy

This week we have been focusing on drug control policy. We have discussed the ever growing heroin abuse problem and the increase in fatal overdoses that result. Consider the specific case of heroin in Maryland and the policy that has been developed and put into place to address the overdoses. take a look at this policy, titled the Maryland Opioid Overdose Prevention Plan, which is attached in the week 3 Content area. Read over the key initiatives and then pick one to answer the below questions.
Key Initiatives:
1. Enhanced Epidemiology
2. Substance use disorder treatment
3. Public health focus on overdoses
4. Efforts to address overdoses on Pharmaceutical opioids
5. Naloxone
6. Emergency response plan
For this discussion question, choose one of the key initiatives and address the following:
1. What is the benefit of this initiative to achieve a reduction in opioid overdoses (the objective of the policy)?
2. What challenges do you foresee in achieving this initiative?What is the benefit of this initiative to achieve a reduction in opioid overdoses (the objective of the policy)?
3. If you were able to amend this initiative, what would you add to increase its effectiveness?