Education Archives - Page 48 of 50

Why is it difficult to develop assessments for chil-dren who are culturally and linguistically different?What factors must be addressed in theirassessment?

Assessment in early childhood education

22CHAPTER 1An Overview of Assessment in Early Childhood Many issues surround the testing of young children. Some educators question the validity and reliability of standardized tests used with young children, as well asthe purposes for administering tests to children who are culturally and linguistically diverse. At the same time, the use of individual testing and evaluation to identify children with disabilities and provide services for them continues to serve a valu-able purpose.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1.Why are very young children measured in infancyand in the preschool years? Give examples.

2.Explain developmental deficits. How are develop-mental deficits identified and treated?

3.Why is research conducted on the development ofvery young children? How can such research be used?

4.How were Pestalozzi and Rousseau pivotal in the ori-gins of understanding and measuring young children?

5.Why has the child study movement been the major resource for understanding child development?

6.How does the history of standardized testing in-clude testing with infants and young children?

What kinds of standardized tests are beneficialfor children under age 6?

7.Why were standardized tests developed for HeadStart?How were they used?

8.Why were standardized tests developed as a resultof legislation for young children withdisabilities?How are they used?

9.Why is it difficult to develop assessments for chil-dren who are culturally and linguistically different?What factors must be addressed in theirassessment?

10.What are some of the weaknesses in assessmentsof young children with disabilities? How canthese difficulties be overcome?

11.How is authentic assessment different fromassessment using standardized tests

Demonstrate a critical understanding of key themes, principles and concepts commonly found in the disciplines of cultural and environmental anthropology.

“The Living Mountain” – Nan Shepherd, Review

Write a 2,500-word essay that identifies key themes connected with the syllabus of Anthropology of Place in a book of your choice. The idea is to identify themes that are implicit in the writing, and critically discuss and contextualise them with reference to what has been covered on the lessons. AAOP1 is about quality and not ‘quantity’. A few themes(5 or so) well identified and discussed will suffice. The book needs to be a hybrid between an ethnography and travel writing and must not be an academic publication. – Use “The Living Mountain” by Nan Shepherd.

LO1 – Demonstrate a critical understanding of key themes, principles and concepts commonly found in the disciplines of cultural and environmental anthropology.

LO2 – Draw on evidence from a range of sources including traditional ecological knowledge to critically analyze themes and concepts relevant to adventure education and adventure & cultural tourism.

LO3 – Apply anthropological knowledge and understanding in enquiring and researching diverse, global and multi-cultural interpretations of nature.

Discuss – why it is important to use instructional design model when developing curriculum? what advantages and challenges does it have?

Instructional Design Model Discussion

Discuss – why it is important to use instructional design model when developing curriculum? what advantages and challenges does it have?

Explain how to play and what the children will learn and how they will learn it.Discuss variations or differentiation that is possible in the playing of the game. all games should have a “rules of play” discussed.

Create a game where children learn a concept based on a theme or book. (No ABC, colors or 123 as concepts allowed.) Submit a picture, or outline of your game explain how to play and what the children will learn and how they will learn it.

Explain (a) how it is played, (b) why you chose that topic, and (c) discuss variations or differentiation that is possible in the playing of the game. all games should have a “rules of play” discussed.

The following directions may help you in creating a game.

Using arts & crafts materials, pictures, lettering, oaktag, manipulatives, spinners, dice or any other materials, candidates will create a game for preschool children that supports a skill, concept, competency or learning outcome.

The game may be theme based to support a current classroom activity, bundle or area of student interest (i.e. transportation, our community, being a good friend, etc.) or may support a curriculum area (math, science, health). The concept addressed in the game should be an outgrowth of course material we have focused upon and/or need generated in your classroom (if you currently work in a school).

Your game should be both visually appealing and engaging for preschool children. Originality and creativity are expected outcomes.

Try to avoid ABC, 123 or red,blue,green; there is so much of this already commercially produced. Be Original! Be Creative! Have FUN!

The total length of the assignment is at minimum two double-spaced pages in Times New Roman of 12 font: the write-up of the game at minimum a page and and the game with pictures or outline another page.

Provide a description of that event and provide a context-specific example of how that event could be applied within your field or specific profession to aid learning.

General Directions
The target audience for your final project is members new teachers. Imagine that your boss has tasked you with making recommendations to help new teachers apply our course concepts. The goal of these recommendations will be to help those members of your field or specific profession apply the principles we learned about this semester within the context of your field profession.

Prompts: (At least one page per prompt.)

Prompt #1: Pick two of the following concepts of behaviorism. For each concept, (a) provide a description of that concept and (b) provide a context-specific example of how that concept could be applied within your field or specific profession:
• Pick at least one of the following: Classical conditioning; Reinforcement (positive and negative); Punishment (presentation and removal)
• Pick at least one of the following: Fixed reinforcement schedules (ratio and interval); Variable reinforcement schedules (ratio and interval); Counterconditioning; Cueing

Prompt #2: Pick two of the following concepts of human cognition. For each concept, (a) provide a description of that concept and (b) provide a context-specific example of how that concept could be applied within your field or specific profession:
• Pick at least one of the following: Motivated working memory allocation; Encoding strategies; Retrieval-based learning; Myelination; “The magical mystery four”
• Pick at least one of the following: Chunking; Verbalization; Enactment; Distributed practice; Imagery; Hot cognition

Prompt #3: Pick two of the following concepts of the motivation to learn. For each concept, (a) provide a description of that concept and (b) provide a context-specific example of how that concept a could be applied within your field or specific profession:
• Pick at least one of the following: Personal vs. situational interest; The four types of achievement goals; the “Doing-Just-Enough-Goal”
• Pick at least one of the following: Attribution theory (all three dimensions and their components); Expectancy-value theory (including importance, utility, interest, and cost)

Prompt #4: Pick four of Gagne’s nine learning events. For each event,

(a) provide a description of that event and (b) provide a context-specific example of how that event could be applied within your field or specific profession to aid learning.

Prompt #5: Pick two of the following concepts related to Social Cognitive Theory and self-regulation of learning. For each concept, (a) provide a description of that concept and (b) provide a context-specific example of how that concept could be applied within your field or specific profession:
• Self-efficacy; Vicarious learning (reinforcement and punishment); Modeling; Reciprocal causation; The five profiles of motivated-self-regulated engagement

How Should You Do It?
Regardless of the approach you take, you should write/build your project as if your intended audience is people who are new to your profession. Speak or write as if the person/people reading or viewing your materials has/have never learned any of these concepts before.

External Sources (minimum of three required; cited in APA format)

You will need to do a little independent research for this project. Specifically, you are required to include and cite information from at least three external sources (i.e., sources that haven’t been included as readings in this course). You have the freedom to decide which external information you would like to include within your project.

What does the study mean in the big picture and how does the study apply to your own research question/topic?What ways could your biblical worldview fit into the contents of the article?

STUDENT AFFAIRS ISSUE PROJECT: ARTICLE CRITIQUE ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

The purpose of the Student Affairs Issue Project is to assist the PhD candidate with formulating his or her thoughts around a very important issue in today’s higher education culture. You will learn how to investigate issues and determine best practices for possible resolutions to the issue by articulating possible solutions.

From the professional associations’ websites or the higher education news agencies, choose a current student affairs issue being discussed (i.e., free speech, gender, racial equity, student debt). Develop a research question, narrowed to investigate a particular issue pertaining to student affairs. Submit your research question/topic with your rough draft and article critique.

Research question details:

In developing a research question, be sure to do a thorough review of the Jerry Falwell Library resources, various higher education news agencies, and course material. Be sure you have a narrow student affairs issue with plenty of research material. You can determine the type (quantitative or qualitative) of research question and scope.

The purpose of the Student Affairs Issue Project:

Article Critique Assignment is to assist the candidate with researching current literature in the Jerry Falwell Library. Being able to research current literature on a given topic will be very beneficial to any educational leader. Just as important as researching on a topic is the ability to fully understand what others have written on the topic, critiquing their findings, and appreciating how their work may be beneficial to your research.

You are required to submit a critique (1,000–1,250 words, not including title, abstract, and reference pages) of an article related to your research question/topic. The article critique must be written in current APA format (including a title, abstract, reference pages), include 3 Level 1 headings (Background of the Study, Critique of the Study and Conclusion), and incorporate a minimum of 2 scholarly citations.

Access the Jerry Falwell Library (JFL) Online Research Portal and use the Education Research Guide link on the Student Affairs Issue Project: Article Critique Assignment page to find peer-reviewed journal articles. The article that you choose must be scholarly, empirical (research-based), and written within the last 5 years. The article must be at least 5–10 pages and be considered empirical; the article must clearly include specific sections that describe the study (e.g., method of research, quantitative or qualitative, participants, data collection, and findings).

Include the following elements in your critique:

Introduction (no header)

A. Inform the reader about your own research question/topic

B. Provide the article title and author

C. Offer insight into why the article was chosen

Background of the Study

A. Description of how the researchers attempted to answer the question:

a. Methodology

b. Population studied

c. Unique features of the study

B. Description of the research findings.

Critique of the Study

A. Do you have confidence in the researcher findings? (i.e., Were there flaws in the study design, questions, etc.?)

B. Does the study give an explanation to other people that were not the subject of the research (application of results to other locations, people, or groups—transferability)?

C. What does the study mean in the big picture and how does the study apply to your own research question/topic?

D. What ways could your biblical worldview fit into the contents of the article?

Conclusion

Format the critique in current APA format and see the grading rubric for specific grading criteria.

How would you rate the technical quality of the study in the article? For example, was the specific research design appropriate? Was the research design appropriately executed?

Part A: Technical:

Refer to the relevant sections of Chapters 15-16 for this exercise (see attached powerpoints).

Based on your understanding, how would you rate the technical quality of the study in the article? For example, was the specific research design appropriate? Was the research design appropriately executed? Do you have reason to question the credibility of the findings? If so, why?

Part B: Application:

Imagine that you are considering a new program for science teaching at your school.

You may take the perspective of a proponent of the program and use the article as evidence for the program, explaining why it supports your view OR take the perspective of an opponent of the program and use the article as evidence for why it won’t work. It’s ok to use your imagination as to what the program is or is not. Support your argument from the article.

Which scanning protocol (specify the CT study name e.g head, c-spine, Facial bones, etc)would you use and how will you prepare and position the patient for this study?

Answer the three assignment questions for each diagnosis/pathology provided below.

Use your research and readings to complete the assignment:

Diagnosis/Pathology

* Cerebral Hemorrhage

* Parotid Tumor

* Lumbar HNP

* Cervical Trauma

Assignment Questions (Questions carry 1 point each, each topic/diagnosis carry 3 points (Total 12 points) Answer every question with as much detail as possible (at least one paragraph per topic) and in your own words.

Which scanning protocol (specify the CT study name e.g head, c-spine, Facial bones, etc)would you use and how will you prepare and position the patient for this study?

Provide the area of scan (what anatomy to what anatomy), slice thickness, and windowing methods used for this study?

Find a CT image (from the internet or other resources with citation) for this diagnosis and attach it to the category.

Why is addressing this problem/challenging factor important in the cross-cultural work you will do with this population?

one state or national problem

For this Discussion, consider one state or national problem/challenging factor you might encounter when working with the Latino/a American population, and one you may encounter when working with Arab/Muslim American populations.

You may select a problem/challenging factor that impacts both groups.

Consider challenges with immigration, discrimination, poverty and lack of resources, language barriers, and acculturative stresses.

Respond to the following:

Identify the state or national problem/challenging factor you have selected for each group. If choosing a state challenge, include the state you have selected.

Discuss how the problem/challenging factor impacts the cross-cultural group.

Why is addressing this problem/challenging factor important in the cross-cultural work you will do with this population?

Select two of the following cultural values: family, religion, acculturation, gender expectations, roles, or education.

Explain the implications of addressing these cultural values in your cross-cultural work with clients from either a Latino/a or an Arab/Muslim population.