Begin by reading about the various compaction equipment (have attached the pages).
Select any two compaction rollers. State and discuss one similarity between them (other than the fact that they are used for compacting). State and discuss one difference between them.
Similarities and differences may be discussed in the context of equipment design, type of soil being compacted, compaction requirements, size of project, etc.
Describe your interest in both the field of geological sciences and OHIO’s graduate program.
Correlation and palaeoenvironment of the Wealden series
Sketch key clasts and microfossils from each sample, or label the photographs in the Powerpoint presentation and attempt to identify them using the images from published papers on the Lower Cretaceous at the end of this handout. Provide a summary table of genera you can identify and what they may tell us about the environment of deposition. (30 Marks).
Explain what the clast and fossil types tell us about the environment of deposition of the clay unit, and how this fits into to your wider interpretations of the Palaeoenvironment of the Wealden sequence from the logging exercise. (30 Marks)
Correlation and palaeoenvironment of the Wealden series
Summarise the variation in sedimentation at the two sites on the basis of your biostratigraphic correlation. Account for variation and any gaps in the sequence.
Figure 1 shows an interpretation of the salinity conditions for faunal assemblages in the Vectis Formation. You will need to look up the technical terms.
Using this what can you say about the changing environment during the sedimentation rate changes identified above? If you use any additional references attach them to this booklet when you submit you work.Sketch key clasts and microfossils from each sample, or label the photographs in the Powerpoint presentation and attempt to identify them using the images from published papers on the Lower Cretaceous at the end of this handout. Provide a summary table of genera you can identify and what they may tell us about the environment of deposition. (30 Marks).
Explain what the clast and fossil types tell us about the environment of deposition of the clay unit, and how this fits into to your wider interpretations of the Palaeoenvironment of the Wealden sequence from the logging exercise. (30 Marks)
Biogeography is the study of the spatial distribution of plants and animals and the reasons behind their occurrences. These questions can concern global to very local scales, over many different time scales.
One way to identify patterns in space and time at local scale is by using historical and contemporary maps.
Using historical maps makes it possible to trace land use changes and areas with a continuity of land use, thus making it possible to identify possible hot spots of biodiversity in a landscape based on ecological principles. Stable areas or areas with small-scale disturbances will have more species than areas with more and larger scale disturbances.
In the present landscape habitats such as semi-natural grasslands and deciduous forests have an exceptional high species richness compared to other areas in the landscape. A reason for this is that they were much larger areas in the past and have accumulated species over time.
During the last 200 years many forests and grasslands have been turned into crop-fields or planted with conifer forests.
Your task is to investigate the pattern between the sediment grain size (finer, coarse, mixed or bedrock) and vegetation and land use.
Do not worry about the specific names of the sediments in the legend, the focus is on how moist or dry the sediment is and whether one can plough the land.
You should identify the main relationships between land use (for example built-up areas, forest plantations, crop fields, semi-natural grasslands and forest), change over time and sediment type.
Explain the drivers of the land uses over time and changes you can identify in the landscape.
Below you will find five maps to help you: from 1868-77, 1948, and today, and a map of surface sediment types.
These are available from the bottom of the page as pdf files, and linked from the instructions as tifs. A pdf file with legends for all maps is also available at the bottom of the page.
Note that the maps do not include exactly the same classes, therefore you should describe the changes you observe in a broad sense.
The area within the red square is your area of interest
By August 13th, you should submit a maximum 1 page report addressing the following questions:
Look at the historical economical map (Valla_1868_77_zoomed).
Compare what’s in the red square with the sediment map and describe the main relationship between the grain size of the sediment (finer, coarse, mixed or bedrock, which affect the water holding capacity) and land use. How has sediment type affected land use in 1868 in the study area?
Open the map Valla_1948. Compare it with the maps from 1868-77. What has changed from 1868-1948? What has not changed much?
Open the map Valla_landuse_today and a contemporary aerial photograph.
Describe the main relationships between location, sediment, land use and vegetation patterns today. What main changes have taken place in land use since 1948?
What land uses are the same?
What places have been stable?
Conclusions: Explain the reasons why some of these changes have taken place and how it has affected biodiversity in different areas (short and simply).
Topic: Support of government agency ocean conservation efforts by private organizations
Outline:
-List limitations of government agencies in ocean conservation efforts including limited funding
-Example of 4Ocean as a private organization with the specific goal of ocean conservation
-Discuss how 4Ocean uses merchandise created from ocean pollution plastic to support different ocean conservation causes
-Describe ways 4Ocean uses media to raise awareness of ocean conservation including online presence and endorsement of public figures and influential business and government persons
-List ways 4Ocean and other private organizations have made a direct or indirect impact on ocean conservation laws and policies
(Note this essay will describe 4Ocean as an example organization but will also have a general overview of government agencies’ interactions with private organizations)
This an Oceanography course.
