How do race and / or gender affect the ‘pains of imprisonment’?What is ‘penal populism’ and how has it influenced punishment in England and Wales over the last 30 years?

Punishment in Society

Drawing on Sim’s article (2016) on prisons’ budget cuts during austerity, critically discuss the following quote: “The current [prison] crisis has been relentlessly tied to the budget cuts. While the cuts have intensified the crisis, they are not its cause”.

How do race and / or gender affect the ‘pains of imprisonment’?

What is ‘penal populism’ and how has it influenced punishment in England and Wales over the last 30 years?

Choose ONE of the theoretical perspectives on punishment we have studied: Durkheimian, Marxist, Foucauldian, or feminist. Critically evaluate the Prison Industrial Complex using your chosen theory.